PETERSON SPACE FORCE BASE, Colo. – Space Training and Readiness Command completed its first SKIES exercise series to improve the U.S. Space Force’s command and control capabilities.

BLACK SKIES 22 was a live simulation exercise to rehearse the command and control of multiple joint electronic warfare fires Sept. 19-23.

Space Delta 1’s 392d Combat Training Squadron led the development of BLACK SKIES with assistance from Space Delta 11’s 25th Space Range Squadron and multiple combat squadrons within Space Operations Command, the National Guard Bureau and the U.S. Air Force Reserves.

A live simulation exercise is a training event involving real people operating real systems, said U.S. Space Force Lt. Col. Albert Harris, 392d CTS commander.

“This is different from virtual simulation involving real people operating simulated systems, and constructive simulation involving simulated people operating simulated systems,” Harris said.

The 25th SRS configured multiple advanced training ranges for BLACK SKIES 22.

The live range spanned the distance between California and Colorado and elevated to a specified point 22,000 miles above Earth. This range allowed space warfighters participating in the exercise to fire their weapon systems in a safe environment that replicated certain war-like conditions, enabling them to rehearse and refine their warfighting tactics, techniques and procedures.

Participants included Electronic Warfare Airmen from the Florida Air National Guard’s 114th Space Control Squadron, the California ANG’s 216th Space Control Squadron, the Air Force Reserve’s 380th Space Control Squadron, Guardians from the Space Delta 3’s 4th and 16th Electronic Warfare Squadrons, Guardians from Space Delta 5, and coalition warfighters from U.S. Space Command’s Combined Space Operations Center.

The exercise scenario focused on a notional crisis in U.S. European Command’s area of responsibility. The crisis included coalition combat operations in the air, special operations on the ground, and cyber operations affecting various domains, all presented by the 392d CTS using constructive simulation.

“BLACK SKIES 22 offered an unprecedented opportunity to partner across the Total Force, including Active-Duty, Air National Guard, and the Air Force Reserves,” said Col. Christopher Fernengel, Space Delta 3 commander. “This was an exercise that allowed our service members to step into the arena and demonstrate our combined electronic warfare readiness.”

The BLACK SKIES 22 training audience used live and virtual simulation provided by the 25th SRS to layer electromagnetic effects against 29 simulated targets. Participants also planned and executed integrated operations, refined multiple tactics and rehearsed command and control relationships.

The exercise concluded with over 20 learning points, enabling advanced training for 50 space warfighters in California and Colorado.

“BLACK SKIES 22 increased our readiness by practicing offensive and defensive operations in the electromagnetic spectrum,” said U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Shawn Bratton, STARCOM commander. “By rehearsing functions such as joint fires and joint command and control, BLACK SKIES helps to prepare space forces to compete and prevail in conflict when our nation calls upon us to do so.”

The 392d Combat Training Squadron took nine months to build the BLACK SKIES exercise.

Space Force Maj. Benjamin Skee, 392d CTS large force exercise flight commander, served as the BLACK SKIES 22 exercise director.

Skee built a joint team at Vandenberg, Schriever and Peterson Space Force Bases that included exercise planners, intelligence support and space tacticians.

“I watched Major Skee build and lead this team over the last several months,” said Harris. “I was impressed with his team’s ability to quickly build a scenario, secure the appropriate approvals, and deliver the required resources to make possible the first brand new exercise for the Space Force.”

Looking ahead, additional exercises in the SKIES series include RED SKIES, a live simulation orbital warfare training event in early 2023, and BLUE SKIES, a live simulation cyber warfare training event. 

STARCOM plans to conduct another service-level BLACK SKIES exercise in 2023.